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Mono对gtk做了很努力的封装，即便如此仍然与System.Windows.Form中的控件操作方法有许多差异，这是gtk本身特性或称为特色决定的。下面是gtk常用控件在Mono C#中的一些用法。

Button控件

在工具箱中该控件的clicked信号双击后自动生成回调函数prototype，下面的函数当Button12点击后其标签名变为"Button12 is Pressed!"。还有ToggleButton，ImageButton 用法类似。

    protected void OnButton12Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){Button12.Label = "Button12 is Pressed!";}

Entry控件

用法与Winform的TextBox非常相似。

    protected void OnButton13Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){string sText = "";entry2.Text = "Hello";sText = entry2.Text;}

Checkbutton和Radiobutton

读：当选中后，它的Active属性是true ; 未选中时，它的Active属性是false。

写：Checkbutton1.Active = true; Radiobutton1.Active = true;

ColorButton颜料按钮

自动调出颜色选取dialog，用colorbutton1.Color.Red 读入红色值，或Gr

een/Blue读取绿色和蓝色值。因为调出的是dialog，所以用其它Button调用dialog功效是类同的。

    protected void OnColorbutton1ColorSet(object sender, EventArgs e){var redcolor = colorbutton1.Color.Red;var greencolor = colorbutton1.Color.Green;var bluecolor = colorbutton1.Color.Blue;}

下面是通过 ColorSelectionDialog 方式调出颜料盒对话框，用后直接dispose扔给收垃圾的，不需要destroy打砸它。C#是通过runtime执行的，不是CLR平台管理的要自己处理垃圾，自动回收是管不了的。

   protected void OnButton3Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){Gtk.ColorSelectionDialog colorSelectionDialog = new Gtk.ColorSelectionDialog("Color selection dialog");colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.HasOpacityControl = true;colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.HasPalette = true;colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.CurrentColor = StoreColor;if (colorSelectionDialog.Run() == (int)ResponseType.Ok){StoreColor = colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.CurrentColor;var redcolor = colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.CurrentColor.Red;var greencolor = colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.CurrentColor.Green;var bluecolor = colorSelectionDialog.ColorSelection.CurrentColor.Blue;}colorSelectionDialog.Dispose();}

 FontButton控件

它通过FontName返回字体名称、字型、字号，自动调用字体选择对话框。

    protected void OnFontbutton1FontSet(object sender, EventArgs e){entry1.Text = fontbutton1.FontName;}

也可以使用其它钮调用字体选择对话框，用后Dispose()掉。

    protected void OnButton2Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){Gtk.FontSelectionDialog fontSelectionDialog = new Gtk.FontSelectionDialog("Font selection");if (fontSelectionDialog.Run() == (int)ResponseType.Ok){entry1.Text = fontSelectionDialog.FontName;}fontSelectionDialog.Dispose();}

ComboBox框

用InsertText用AppendText添加新内容，用RemoveText方法删除指定项，用Active属性选中指定项显示在显示框中。ComboBox框类似于Winform的ListBox，是不能输入的。

    protected void OnButton7Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 1");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 2");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 3");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 4");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 5");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 6");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 7");combobox1.InsertText(0, "Item - 8");combobox1.Active = 5;}

ComboBoxEntry框

ComboBoxEntry框是可输入的，用法同ComboBox。

TreeView列表

这框比较有特色，可显示图片和文本。图片用Gdk.Pixbuf装载，是个特殊类型。

    protected void OnButton15Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){Gtk.ListStore listStore = new Gtk.ListStore(typeof(Gdk.Pixbuf), typeof(string), typeof(string));treeview1.Model = null;treeview1.AppendColumn("Icon", new Gtk.CellRendererPixbuf(), "pixbuf", 0);treeview1.AppendColumn("Artist", new Gtk.CellRendererText(), "text", 1);treeview1.AppendColumn("Title", new Gtk.CellRendererText(), "text", 2);listStore.AppendValues(new Gdk.Pixbuf("sample.png"), "Rupert", "Yellow bananas");treeview1.Model = listStore;listStore.Dispose();}

DrawArea Cairo 图像

是做图用的，先创建surface,可以在内存中、图片上、pdf上、DrawArea上画图或写字，也可以存成png图片，图形可以变换座标。在内存中绘图，然后在DrawAre的context上show显示，或在其它地方显示。功能很灵活，与GDI在bitmap上做图，通过hdc显示在pictureBox上有对比性。

    protected void OnButton11Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){//// Creates an Image-based surface with with data stored in// ARGB32 format.  //drawingarea1Width = drawingarea1.Allocation.Width;drawingarea1Height = drawingarea1.Allocation.Height;ImageSurface surface = new ImageSurface(Format.ARGB32, drawingarea1Width, drawingarea1Height);// Create a context, "using" is used here to ensure that the// context is Disposed once we are done////using (Context ctx = new Cairo.Context(surface))using (Context ctx = Gdk.CairoHelper.Create(drawingarea1.GdkWindow)){// Select a font to draw withctx.SelectFontFace("serif", FontSlant.Normal, FontWeight.Bold);ctx.SetFontSize(32.0);// Select a color (blue)ctx.SetSourceRGB(0, 0, 1);//ctx.LineTo(new PointD(iArea1ObjX, drawingarea1.Allocation.Height));//ctx.StrokePreserve();// Drawctx.MoveTo(iArea1ObjX, iArea1ObjY);ctx.ShowText("Hello, World");/*//Drawings can be save to png picture file//surface.WriteToPng("test.png");//Context ctxArea1 = Gdk.CairoHelper.Create(drawingarea1.GdkWindow);//Surface surface1 = new Cairo.ImageSurface("test.png");//Option: coordinator change, origin 0,0 is the middle of the drawingarea//ctxArea1.Translate(drawingarea1Width / 2, drawingarea1Height / 2);//surface.Show(ctxArea1, 0, 0);//ctxArea1.Dispose();*/}}

About对话框

固定格式的对话框，有贡献者、文档人员、版权说明等，与windows的about不太相同。

    protected void OnButton9Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){string[] textabout = {"abcde","fdadf","adsfasdf" };const string LicensePath = "COPYING.txt";Gtk.AboutDialog aboutDialog = new Gtk.AboutDialog();aboutDialog.Title = "About mono learning";aboutDialog.Documenters = textabout;//aboutDialog.License = "mit license";aboutDialog.ProgramName = "my Program";aboutDialog.Logo = new Gdk.Pixbuf("logo.png");//aboutDialog.LogoIconName = "logo.png";//aboutDialog.AddButton("New-Button", 1);aboutDialog.Artists = textabout;aboutDialog.Authors = textabout;aboutDialog.Comments = "This is the comments";aboutDialog.Copyright = "The copyright";aboutDialog.TranslatorCredits = "translators";aboutDialog.Version = "1.12";aboutDialog.WrapLicense = true;aboutDialog.Website = "www.me.com";aboutDialog.WebsiteLabel = "A website";aboutDialog.WindowPosition = WindowPosition.Mouse;try{aboutDialog.License = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(LicensePath);}catch (System.IO.FileNotFoundException){aboutDialog.License = "Could not load license file '" + LicensePath + "'.\nGo to http://www.abcd.org";}aboutDialog.Run();aboutDialog.Destroy();aboutDialog.Dispose();}

Timer时钟

使用Glib的时钟，100ms

timerID1 = GLib.Timeout.Add(100, OnTimedEvent1);

使用System的时钟，300ms

 aTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(300);
 aTimer.Elapsed += OnTimedEvent;
 aTimer.AutoReset = true;
 aTimer.Enabled = true;

异步写文件

    protected void OnButton4Clicked(object sender, EventArgs e){Task r = Writedata();async Task Writedata(){await Task.Run(() =>{VB.FileSystem.FileOpen(1, "VBNETTEST.TXT", VB.OpenMode.Output, VB.OpenAccess.Write, VB.OpenShare.Shared);VB.FileSystem.WriteLine(1, "Hello World! - 1");VB.FileSystem.WriteLine(1, "Hello World! - 2");VB.FileSystem.WriteLine(1, "Hello World! - 3");VB.FileSystem.WriteLine(1, "Hello World! - 4");VB.FileSystem.WriteLine(1, "Hello World! - 5");VB.FileSystem.FileClose(1);return 0;});}}

结束语

测试引用Windows.Form并创建了窗体和对话框，也能显示，但不是Linux平台原生的，不太美观且速度不理想。如果只是创建了不Show，让它处于Hide状态，比如带sort属性的ListBox，还是可以使用的。

Mono自己有许多基础库

还有DOTNET的库

还有其它第三方库

Thread和Threadpool多线程没习练，在Mono上应访不会有问题的，delegate、tuple、sqlite等与界面关系不大，就没有再去练习，毕竟mono是microsoft支持的、使用的是dotnet的库，所以相信dotnet的通用功能在mono上都不会是问题的。

--- Ubuntu20.4 mono C#试练笔记完结 ---