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什么是数据脱敏

数据脱敏是指对某些敏感信息，例如姓名、身份证号码、手机号、固定电话、银行卡号、邮箱等个人信息，通过脱敏算法进行数据变形，以保护敏感隐私数据。

数据脱敏通常涉及以下几种主要方法：

1. 替换： 将原始数据中的敏感信息替换为不敏感的等效数据。例如，将真实姓名替换为随机生成的名称，将电话号码替换为虚构的号码。
2. 扰动： 对数据进行微小的变化，以使其仍然保持某种程度的统计一致性，但不足以使个人身份可被轻松识别。这包括添加噪声或对数值进行微小的随机化。
3. 屏蔽： 将敏感信息从数据中删除或隐藏。例如，用特定字符或占位符替换敏感文本。
4. 一般化： 减少数据的精确度，使得数据更加模糊。例如，将年龄精确到天数的数据一般化为年龄范围。
5. 删除： 完全删除不必要的敏感信息。

Spring Boot自定义注解实现数据脱敏

依赖版本

• JDK 17
• Spring Boot 3.2.0
• Hutool-core 5.8.24 （非必须）

源码地址：Gitee

导入依赖

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-core</artifactId><version>5.8.24</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

自定义脱敏类型枚举

/*** @description 数据脱敏策略枚举*/
public enum DesensitizationTypeEnum {//自定义CUSTOM,//用户idUSER_ID,//中文名CHINESE_NAME,//身份证号ID_CARD,//座机号FIXED_PHONE,//手机号MOBILE_PHONE,//地址ADDRESS,//电子邮件EMAIL,//密码PASSWORD,//中国大陆车牌，包含普通车辆、新能源车辆CAR_LICENSE,//银行卡BANK_CARD
}

自定义脱敏序列化器

import cn.hutool.core.text.CharSequenceUtil;
import cn.hutool.core.util.DesensitizedUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.BeanProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.ContextualSerializer;
import com.yiyan.study.annotation.Desensitization;
import com.yiyan.study.enums.DesensitizationTypeEnum;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Objects;/*** @description 自定义脱敏序列化类*/
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class DesensitizationSerialize extends JsonSerializer<String> implements ContextualSerializer {private DesensitizationTypeEnum type;private Integer startInclude;private Integer endExclude;@Overridepublic void serialize(String str, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {switch (type) {// 自定义类型脱敏case CUSTOM -> jsonGenerator.writeString(CharSequenceUtil.hide(String.valueOf(str), startInclude,endExclude >= startInclude ? endExclude : str.length() + endExclude));// userId脱敏case USER_ID -> jsonGenerator.writeString(String.valueOf(DesensitizedUtil.userId()));// 中文姓名脱敏case CHINESE_NAME -> jsonGenerator.writeString(CharSequenceUtil.hide(String.valueOf(str), 1, str.length()));// 身份证脱敏case ID_CARD -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.idCardNum(String.valueOf(str), 1, 2));// 固定电话脱敏case FIXED_PHONE -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.fixedPhone(String.valueOf(str)));// 手机号脱敏case MOBILE_PHONE -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.mobilePhone(String.valueOf(str)));// 地址脱敏case ADDRESS -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.address(String.valueOf(str), 8));// 邮箱脱敏case EMAIL -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.email(String.valueOf(str)));// 密码脱敏case PASSWORD -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.password(String.valueOf(str)));// 中国车牌脱敏case CAR_LICENSE -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.carLicense(String.valueOf(str)));// 银行卡脱敏case BANK_CARD -> jsonGenerator.writeString(DesensitizedUtil.bankCard(String.valueOf(str)));}}@Overridepublic JsonSerializer<?> createContextual(SerializerProvider serializerProvider, BeanProperty beanProperty) throws JsonMappingException {if (beanProperty != null) {// 判断数据类型是否为String类型if (Objects.equals(beanProperty.getType().getRawClass(), String.class)) {// 获取定义的注解Desensitization desensitization = beanProperty.getAnnotation(Desensitization.class);if (desensitization == null) {desensitization = beanProperty.getContextAnnotation(Desensitization.class);}if (desensitization != null) {return new DesensitizationSerialize(desensitization.type(), desensitization.startInclude(),desensitization.endExclude());}}return serializerProvider.findValueSerializer(beanProperty.getType(), beanProperty);}return serializerProvider.findNullValueSerializer(null);}
}

自定义脱敏注解

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JacksonAnnotationsInside;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonSerialize;
import com.yiyan.study.enums.DesensitizationTypeEnum;
import com.yiyan.study.serialize.DesensitizationSerialize;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** 脱敏注解*/
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@JsonSerialize(using = DesensitizationSerialize.class)
public @interface Desensitization {/*** 脱敏数据类型，CUSTOM注解下，startInclude和endExclude生效*/DesensitizationTypeEnum type() default DesensitizationTypeEnum.CUSTOM;/*** 脱敏开始位置（包含）*/int startInclude() default 0;/*** 脱敏结束位置（不包含）*/int endExclude() default 0;
}

数据脱敏测试

定义测试对象

import com.yiyan.study.annotation.Desensitization;
import com.yiyan.study.enums.DesensitizationTypeEnum;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;import java.io.Serializable;@Data
@Builder
public class DesensitizationDTO implements Serializable {@Desensitization(type = DesensitizationTypeEnum.CHINESE_NAME)private String username;@Desensitization(type = DesensitizationTypeEnum.EMAIL)private String email;@Desensitization(type = DesensitizationTypeEnum.ADDRESS)private String address;@Desensitization(type = DesensitizationTypeEnum.MOBILE_PHONE)private String phoneNumber;@Desensitization(type = DesensitizationTypeEnum.CUSTOM, startInclude = 1, endExclude = -2)private String note;
}

测试接口

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.yiyan.study.model.DesensitizationDTO;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/*** 启动类*/
@SpringBootApplication
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class DesensitizationApplication {private static final DesensitizationDTO dto = com.yiyan.study.model.DesensitizationDTO.builder().username("小李").phoneNumber("12300000456").email("li@gmail.com").address("XX.YY.DD.FF").note("123456789").build();public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {SpringApplication.run(DesensitizationApplication.class, args);ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();String s = mapper.writeValueAsString(dto);log.info("Json : {}", s);}@GetMapping("/test")public DesensitizationDTO desensitizationTest() {return dto;}
}