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前言:
之前有出过俩篇关于bitmap相关的讲解,分别是Bitmap详解(上)常用概念和常用API和Bitmap详解(中)之像素级操作,今天主要是来一个系统的总结。
认识Bitmap:
Bitmap是Android系统中的图像处理的最重要类之一。用它可以获取图像文件信息,进行图像剪切、旋转、缩放等操作,并可以指定格式保存图像文件。
常用重要函数如下:
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public void recycle() // 回收位图占用的内存空间,把位图标记为Dead
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public final boolean isRecycled() //判断位图内存是否已释放
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public final int getWidth()//获取位图的宽度
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public final int getHeight()//获取位图的高度
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public final boolean isMutable()//图片是否可修改
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public int getScaledWidth(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的宽度
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public int getScaledHeight(Canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的高度
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public boolean compress(CompressFormat format, int quality, OutputStream stream)//按指定的图片格式以及画质,将图片转换为输出流。
format:Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG或Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG
quality:画质,0-100.0表示最低画质压缩,100以最高画质压缩。对于PNG等无损格式的图片,会忽略此项设置。 -
public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap src) //以src为原图生成不可变得新图像
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public static Bitmap createScaledBitmap(Bitmap src, int dstWidth, int dstHeight, boolean filter)//以src为原图,创建新的图像,指定新图像的高宽以及是否可变。
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public static Bitmap createBitmap(int width, int height, Config config)——创建指定格式、大小的位图
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public static Bitmap createBitmap(Bitmap source, int x, int y, int width, int height)以source为原图,创建新的图片,指定起始坐标以及新图像的高宽。
BitmapFactory工厂类:
Option 参数类:
- public boolean inJustDecodeBounds//如果设置为true,不获取图片,不分配内存,但会返回图片的高度宽度信息。
- public int inSampleSize//图片缩放的倍数
- public int outWidth//获取图片的宽度值
- public int outHeight//获取图片的高度值
- public int inDensity//用于位图的像素压缩比
- public int inTargetDensity//用于目标位图的像素压缩比(要生成的位图)
- public byte[] inTempStorage //创建临时文件,将图片存储
- public boolean inScaled//设置为true时进行图片压缩,从inDensity到inTargetDensity
- public boolean inDither //如果为true,解码器尝试抖动解码
- public Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig //设置解码器
- public String outMimeType //设置解码图像
- public boolean inPurgeable//当存储Pixel的内存空间在系统内存不足时是否可以被回收
- public boolean inInputShareable //inPurgeable为true情况下才生效,是否可以共享一个InputStream
- public boolean inPreferQualityOverSpeed //为true则优先保证Bitmap质量其次是解码速度
- public boolean inMutable //配置Bitmap是否可以更改,比如:在Bitmap上隔几个像素加一条线段
- public int inScreenDensity //当前屏幕的像素密度
工厂方法:
- public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length) //从数组读取图片
- public static Bitmap decodeByteArray(byte[] data, int offset, int length, Options opts)
- public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd)//从文件读取文件 与decodeFile不同的是这个直接调用JNI函数进行读取 效率比较高
- public static Bitmap decodeFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd, Rect outPadding, Options opts)
- public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName, Options opts) //从文件读取图片
- public static Bitmap decodeFile(String pathName)
- public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is) //从输入流读取图片
- public static Bitmap decodeStream(InputStream is, Rect outPadding, Options opts)
- public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id) //从资源文件读取图片
- public static Bitmap decodeResource(Resources res, int id, Options opts)
Bitmap.Config inPreferredConfig :
枚举变量 (位图位数越高代表其可以存储的颜色信息越多,图像越逼真,占用内存越大)
- public static final Bitmap.Config ALPHA_8 //代表8位Alpha位图 每个像素占用1byte内存
- public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_4444 //代表16位ARGB位图 每个像素占用2byte内存
- public static final Bitmap.Config ARGB_8888 //代表32位ARGB位图 每个像素占用4byte内存
- public static final Bitmap.Config RGB_565 //代表8位RGB位图 每个像素占用2byte内存
Android中一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存主要和以下几个因数有关:图片长度,图片宽度,单位像素占用的字节数。一张图片(BitMap)占用的内存=图片长度图片宽度单位像素占用的字节数。
图片读取实例:
- 从文件读取方式一
/*** 获取缩放后的本地图片** @param filePath 文件路径* @param width 宽* @param height 高* @return*/public static Bitmap readBitmapFromFile(String filePath, int width, int height) {BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);float srcWidth = options.outWidth;float srcHeight = options.outHeight;int inSampleSize = 1;if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);} else {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);}}options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filePath, options);}
- 从文件读取方式二 效率高于方式一
/*** 获取缩放后的本地图片** @param filePath 文件路径* @param width 宽* @param height 高* @return*/public static Bitmap readBitmapFromFileDescriptor(String filePath, int width, int height) {try {FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(), null, options);float srcWidth = options.outWidth;float srcHeight = options.outHeight;int inSampleSize = 1;if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);} else {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);}}options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fis.getFD(), null, options);} catch (Exception ex) {}return null;}
- 从输入流中读取文件
/*** 获取缩放后的本地图片** @param ins 输入流* @param width 宽* @param height 高* @return*/public static Bitmap readBitmapFromInputStream(InputStream ins, int width, int height) {BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);float srcWidth = options.outWidth;float srcHeight = options.outHeight;int inSampleSize = 1;if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);} else {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);}}options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(ins, null, options);}
- 从资源文件中读取文件
public static Bitmap readBitmapFromResource(Resources resources, int resourcesId, int width, int height) {BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);float srcWidth = options.outWidth;float srcHeight = options.outHeight;int inSampleSize = 1;if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);} else {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);}}options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(resources, resourcesId, options);}
- 从二进制数据读取图片
public static Bitmap readBitmapFromByteArray(byte[] data, int width, int height) {BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);float srcWidth = options.outWidth;float srcHeight = options.outHeight;int inSampleSize = 1;if (srcHeight > height || srcWidth > width) {if (srcWidth > srcHeight) {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcHeight / height);} else {inSampleSize = Math.round(srcWidth / width);}}options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);}
- 从assets文件读取图片
/*** 获取缩放后的本地图片** @param filePath 文件路径* @return*/public static Bitmap readBitmapFromAssetsFile(Context context, String filePath) {Bitmap image = null;AssetManager am = context.getResources().getAssets();try {InputStream is = am.open(filePath);image = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);is.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return image;}
图片保存文件:
public static void writeBitmapToFile(String filePath, Bitmap b, int quality) {try {File desFile = new File(filePath);FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(desFile);BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);b.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, quality, bos);bos.flush();bos.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
图片压缩:
private static Bitmap compressImage(Bitmap image) {if (image == null) {return null;}ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;try {baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos);byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();ByteArrayInputStream isBm = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(isBm);return bitmap;} catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {} finally {try {if (baos != null) {baos.close();}} catch (IOException e) {}}return null;}
图片缩放:
/*** 根据scale生成一张图片** @param bitmap* @param scale 等比缩放值* @return*/public static Bitmap bitmapScale(Bitmap bitmap, float scale) {Matrix matrix = new Matrix();matrix.postScale(scale, scale); // 长和宽放大缩小的比例Bitmap resizeBmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getWidth(), bitmap.getHeight(), matrix, true);return resizeBmp;}
获取图片旋转角度:
/*** 读取照片exif信息中的旋转角度** @param path 照片路径* @return角度*/private static int readPictureDegree(String path) {if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {return 0;}int degree = 0;try {ExifInterface exifInterface = new ExifInterface(path);int orientation = exifInterface.getAttributeInt(ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_NORMAL);switch (orientation) {case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90:degree = 90;break;case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180:degree = 180;break;case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270:degree = 270;break;}} catch (Exception e) {}return degree;}
图片旋转角度:
private static Bitmap rotateBitmap(Bitmap b, float rotateDegree) {if (b == null) {return null;}Matrix matrix = new Matrix();matrix.postRotate(rotateDegree);Bitmap rotaBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(b, 0, 0, b.getWidth(), b.getHeight(), matrix, true);return rotaBitmap;}
图片转二进制:
public byte[] bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm) {ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos);return baos.toByteArray();}
Bitmap转Drawable
public static Drawable bitmapToDrawable(Resources resources, Bitmap bm) {Drawable drawable = new BitmapDrawable(resources, bm);return drawable;}
Drawable转Bitmap
public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) {Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888 : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);drawable.setBounds(0, 0, drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());drawable.draw(canvas);return bitmap;}
Drawable、Bitmap占用内存比较
之前一直使用过Afinal 和Xutils 熟悉这两框架的都知道,两者出自同一人,Xutils是Afina的升级版,AFinal中的图片内存缓存使用的是Bitmap 而后来为何Xutils将内存缓存的对象改成了Drawable了呢?我们一探究竟。下面写个测试程序做个验证。
List bitmaps = new ArrayList<>();start = System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {Bitmap bitmap = BitmapUtils.readBitMap(this, R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner);bitmaps.add(bitmap);Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Bitmap--num-->" + i);}end = System.currentTimeMillis();Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Bitmap--time-->" + (end - start));List drawables = new ArrayList<>();start = System.currentTimeMillis();for (int i = 0; i < testMaxCount; i++) {Drawable drawable = getResources().getDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner);drawables.add(drawable);Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Drawable--num-->" + i);}end = System.currentTimeMillis();Log.e(TAG, "BitmapFactory Drawable--time-->" + (end - start));
测试结果大家可以自行验证,从我本人测试结果来看,相同的1000张图片,Bitmap 直接70条数据的时候挂掉,而Drawable 轻松1000条数据通过。
从测试说明Drawable 相对Bitmap有很大的内存占用优势。这也是为啥现在主流的图片缓存框架内存缓存那一层采用Drawable作为缓存对象的原因。
总结:
- 了解Bitmap常用api方法可以很好的有助于与我们平时开发过程中对图片做出优化处理,从而满足我们的需求同时保证了app的流畅性
- 测试说明Drawable 相对Bitmap有很大的内存占用优势。这也是为啥现在主流的图片缓存框架内存缓存那一层采用Drawable作为缓存对象的原因。因此我们要合理灵活使用Drawable和Bitmap。